Description of Historic Place
The Officer Cadet Dormitory, also known as CMR 4, Building No. 4 and Montcalm Barracks, is one of a group of buildings located within the earthen ramparts of the former Fort Saint-Jean, now the Collège Militaire Royal. The large, rectangular building is topped by a hipped roof with four, formally aligned brick chimneys. Regularly spaced windows with minimal stonework, and three transomed entrances, enliven the solid brick walls. The building’s rear elevation features a tower. The designation is confined to the footprint of the building.
Heritage Value
The Officer Cadet Dormitory is a Recognized Federal Heritage Building because of its historical associations, and its architectural and environmental value.
Historical Value
The Officer Cadet Dormitory, as one of a group of buildings constructed within the walls of the former Fort Saint-Jean, is closely associated with an effort to improve the district’s defenses following the 1837-1838 rebellion. Fort Saint-Jean remained an important military centre for the stationing of troops and supplies. The structure is also associated with a period of growth in the city’s commercial activity and its supporting railway, canal and bridge transportation links. One of the most significant stages in the development of the complex was its choice in 1952 as Canada’s third, and first francophone, military college.
Architectural Value
The Officer Cadet Dormitory is valued for its good aesthetic design whereby simplified vernacular forms influenced by British Classicism are evidenced in its rigid symmetry, rectangular form and classical proportions. The solid walls constructed of brick laid in common bond, demonstrate good functional design. The stonework, such as the dressed foundation, and the flat arches that span the regularly spaced windows, are also evidence of the building’s very good craftsmanship and materials.
Environmental Value
The Officer Cadet Dormitory reinforces the mid-19th century character of its former fort, now military school setting at Collège Militaire Royal. The building is well known to those who live, work and frequent the complex.
Sources: Joanna H. Doherty, Four Buildings at Collège Militaire Royal, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Federal Heritage Buildings Review Office Building Report, 86-073; Building #4, Collège Militaire Royal, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec, Heritage Character Statement, 86-073.
Character-Defining Elements
The following character-defining elements of the Officer Cadet Dormitory should be respected.
Its classically influenced aesthetic design, good functional design and fine quality materials and craftsmanship, for example:
—the two-storey, rectangular massing with its rigid symmetry, and its simple form and proportions;
—the hipped roof with wooden eaves, boxed and supported on brackets on four sides, and the four brick chimneys formally aligned at the apexes of the longitudinal slope;
— the brick construction laid in common bond and in flat arches over openings, and the dressed stone foundation and trim;
— the regularly spaced window openings and three transomed entrances;
— the windowless west elevation and the tower at the rear elevation.
The manner in which the Officer Cadet Dormitory reinforces the mid-19th century character of its former fort, now military school, setting at Collège Militaire Royal and is a well-known building, as evidenced by:
— its scale, design, construction, and materials, which are identical to Building No. 6 and which contribute to the character of a group of similar buildings within the earthen ramparts of the military school setting;
— its familiarity as a residence to staff, students and visitors, and its national recognition as part of the grounds of the old Fort St. Jean.
